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Publications

Dr Gerald LiewClinical Senior Lecturer; Clinical Ophthalmology & Eye Health, Westmead Clinical School - Retinal and Eye Disease Research Group
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Retinal and Eye Disease Research Group, Neuroscience and Vision

Publications

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2019
  • Gopinath, B., Flood, V., Burlutksy, G., Liew, G., Mitchell, P. (2019). Carbohydrate nutrition variables and risk of disability in instrumental activities of daily living. European Journal of Nutrition. in press [More Information]
  • Lai, J., Wong, V., Liew, G. (2019). Diabetic Retinopathy and Stroke. Diabetic retinopathy and cardiovascular disease. , 38-53. [More Information]
  • Tang, D., Mitchell, P., Flood, V., Kifley, A., Hayes, A., Liew, G., Gopinath, B. (2019). Dietary intervention in patients with age-related macular degeneration: protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 9 (2) , e024774. [More Information]

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  • Ho, I., Fernandez-Sanz, G., Levasseur, S., Ting, E., Liew, G., Playfair, J., Downie, J., Gorbatov, M., Hunyor, A., Chang, A. (2019). Early Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Treatment of Acute Infective Endophthalmitis. Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology. 8 (1) , 3-7. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Strong, S., Bradley, P., Severn, P., Moore, A., Webster, A., Mitchell, P., Kifley, A., Michaelides, M. (2019). Prevalence of cystoid macular oedema, epiretinal membrane and cataract in retinitis pigmentosa. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 103 (8) , 1163-1166. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Mitchell, P., Chiha, J., Plant, A., White, A., Joachim, N., Wang, S., Burlutsky, G., Kovoor, P., Thiagalingam, A., Gopinath, B. (2019). Retinal microvascular changes in microvascular angina: Findings from the Australian Heart Eye Study. Microcirculation. 26 (6) , 1-6. [More Information]
2018
  • Meng, W., Shah, K., Pollack, S., Toppila, I., Hebert, H., McCarthy, M., Groop, L., Ahlqvist, E., Lyssenko, V., Agardh, E., Mitchell, P., Liew, G., Wang, J., Kifley, A., et al (2018). A genome-wide association study suggests new evidence for an association of the NADPH Oxidase 4 (NOX4) gene with severe diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes. Acta Ophthalmologica. 96 (7) , e811-e819. [More Information]
  • Wang, S., Mitchell, P., Liew, G., Wong, T., Phan, K., Thiagalingam, A., Joachim, N., Burlutsky, G., Gopinath, B. (2018). A spectrum of retinal vasculature measures and coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis. 268 , 215-224. [More Information]
  • Mitchell, P., Liew, G., Gopinath, B., Wong, T. (2018). Age-related macular degeneration. The Lancet. 392 (10153) , 1147-1159. [More Information]

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  • Mitchell, P., Liew, G., Gopinath, B., Wong, T. (2018). Age-related macular degeneration. The Lancet. 392 (10153) , 1147-1159. [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Liew, G., Craig, A., Pozzato, I., Meares, S., Burlutsky, G., Cameron, I., Mitchell, P. (2018). Association between head injury and concussion with retinal vessel caliber. PloS One. 13 (7) , 1-9. [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Liew, G., Kifley, A., Lewis, J., Bondonno, C., Joachim, N., Hodgson, J., Mitchell, P. (2018). Association of Dietary Nitrate Intake with the 15-Year Incidence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Journal of The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 118 (12) , 2311-2314. [More Information]
  • Phan, K., Mitchell, P., Liew, G., Plant, A., Wang, S., Thiagalingam, A., Burlutsky, G., Gopinath, B. (2018). Associations between retinal arteriolar and venular calibre with the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. PloS One. 13 (5) , e0189627. [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Flood, V., Burlutksy, G., Liew, G., Mitchell, P. (2018). Carbohydrate nutrition variables and risk of disability in instrumental activities of daily living. European Journal of Nutrition. in press [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Flood, V., Burlutksy, G., Liew, G., Mitchell, P. (2018). Carbohydrate nutrition variables and risk of disability in instrumental activities of daily living. European Journal of Nutrition. in press [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Liew, G., Kifley, A., Flood, V., Joachim, N., Lewis, J., Hodgson, J., Mitchell, P. (2018). Dietary flavonoids and the prevalence and 15-y incidence of age-related macular degeneration. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 108 (2) , 381-387. [More Information]
  • Krilis, M., Qi, M., Qi, J., Wong, J., Guymer, R., Liew, G., Hunyor, A., Madigan, M., McCluskey, P., Weaver, J., et al (2018). Dual roles of different redox forms of complement factor H in protecting against age related macular degeneration. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 129 , 237-246. [More Information]
  • Pena, A., Liew, G., Anderson, J., Giles, L., Gent, R., Wong, T., Couper, J. (2018). Early atherosclerosis is associated with retinal microvascular changes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Pediatric Diabetes. 19 (8) , 1507-1510. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Moore, A., Bradley, P., Webster, A., Michaelides, M. (2018). Factors associated with visual acuity in patients with cystoid macular oedema and Retinitis Pigmentosa. Ophthalmic Epidemiology. 25 (3) , 183-186. [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Liew, G., Burlutsky, G., Baur, L., Mitchell, P. (2018). Health-related quality of life in adolescents and the retinal microvascular structure. Scientific Reports. 8 (1) , 1-7. [More Information]
  • Joachim, N., Kifley, A., Colijn, J., Lee, K., Buitendijk, G., Klein, B., Myers, C., Meuer, S., Tan, A., Flood, V., Liew, G., Wang, J., et al (2018). Joint Contribution of Genetic Susceptibility and Modifiable Factors to the Progression of Age-Related Macular Degeneration over 10 Years. Ophthalmology Retina. 2 (7) , 684-693. [More Information]
  • Nasir-Ahmad, S., Cordina, R., Liew, G., McCluskey, P., Celermajer, D. (2018). The eye in CHD. Cardiology in the Young. 28 (8) , 981-985. [More Information]
2017
  • Agrawal, R., Joachim, N., Li, L., Lee, J., Agarwal, A., Sim, D., Keane, P., Liew, G., Pavesio, C. (2017). Assessment of retinal vascular calibres as a biomarker of disease activity in birdshot chorioretinopathy. Acta Ophthalmologica. 95 (2) , e113-e118. [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Liew, G., Flood, V., Joachim, N., Burlutsky, G., Mitchell, P. (2017). Combined influence of poor health behaviours on the prevalence and 15-year incidence of age-related macular degeneration. Scientific Reports. 7 (1:4359) [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Liew, G., Flood, V., Joachim, N., Burlutsky, G., Mitchell, P. (2017). Combined influence of poor health behaviours on the prevalence and 15-year incidence of age-related macular degeneration. Scientific Reports. 7 (1) , 1-6. [More Information]

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  • Joachim, N., Colijn, J., Kifley, A., Lee, K., Buitendijk, G., Klein, B., Myers, C., Meuer, S., Tan, A., Holliday, E., Liew, G., et al (2017). Five-year progression of unilateral age-related macular degeneration to bilateral involvement: the Three Continent AMD Consortium report. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 101 (9) , 1185-1192. [More Information]
  • Sobrin, L., Chong, Y., Fan, Q., Gan, A., Stanwyck, L., Kaidonis, G., Craig, J., Kim, J., Mitchell, P., Liew, G., Wang, J., et al (2017). Genetically determined plasma lipid levels and risk of diabetic retinopathy: A mendelian randomization study. Diabetes. 66 (12) , 3130-3141. [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Kifley, A., Liew, G., Mitchell, P. (2017). Handgrip strength and its association with functional independence, depressive symptoms and quality of life in older adults. Maturitas. 106 , 92-94. [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Craig, A., Kifley, A., Liew, G., Bloffwitch, J., Vu, K., Joachim, N., Cummins, R., Heraghty, J., Broady, T., Hayes, A., Mitchell, P. (2017). Implementing a multi-modal support service model for the family caregivers of persons with age-related macular degeneration: A study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 7 (8) , 1-10. [More Information]
  • Velayutham, V., Benitez-Aguirre, P., Craig, M., Liew, G., Wong, T., Jenkins, A., Donaghue, K. (2017). Innovative technology shows impact of glycaemic control on peripheral retinal vessels in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia. 60 (10) , 2103-2110. [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Liew, G., Russell, J., Cosatto, V., Burlutsky, G., Mitchell, P. (2017). Intake of key micronutrients and food groups in patients with late-stage age-related macular degeneration compared with age-sex-matched controls. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 101 (8) , 1027-1031. [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Liew, G., Russell, J., Cosatto, V., Burlutsky, G., Mitchell, P. (2017). Intake of key micronutrients and food groups in patients with late-stage age-related macular degeneration compared with age-sex-matched controls. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 101 (8) , 1027-1031. [More Information]
  • Eisenhauer, B., Natoli, S., Liew, G., Flood, V. (2017). Lutein and zeaxanthin - Food sources, bioavailability and dietary variety in age-related macular degeneration protection. Nutrients. 9 (2 Article: 120) , 1-14. [More Information]
  • Eisenhauer, B., Natoli, S., Liew, G., Flood, V. (2017). Lutein and zeaxanthin - Food sources, bioavailability and dietary variety in age-related macular degeneration protection. Nutrients. 9 (2) , 1-14. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Lei, Z., Tan, G., Joachim, N., Ho, I., Wong, T., Mitchell, P., Gopinath, B., Crossett, B. (2017). Metabolomics of Diabetic Retinopathy. Current Diabetes Reports. 17 (11) , 102. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Wong, V., Ho, I. (2017). Mini Review: Changes in the Incidence of and Progression to Proliferative and Sight-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy Over the Last 30 Years. Ophthalmic Epidemiology. 24 (2) , 73-80. [More Information]
  • Ung, L., Pattamatta, U., Carnt, N., Wilkinson-Berka, J., Liew, G., White, A. (2017). Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species: A review of their role in ocular disease. Clinical Science. 131 (24) , 2865-2883. [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Moshtaghian, H., Flood, V., Louie, J., Liew, G., Burlutsky, G., Mitchell, P. (2017). Pattern of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and fish consumption and retinal vascular caliber in children and adolescents: A cohort study. PloS One. Article in press [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Moshtaghian, H., Flood, V., Louie, J., Liew, G., Burlutsky, G., Mitchell, P. (2017). Pattern of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and fish consumption and retinal vascular caliber in children and adolescents: A cohort study. PloS One. Article in press [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Moshtaghian, H., Flood, V., Louie, J., Liew, G., Burlutsky, G., Mitchell, P. (2017). Pattern of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and fish consumption and retinal vascular caliber in children and adolescents: A cohort study. PloS One. 12 (2) , Article number e0172109. [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Moshtaghian, H., Flood, V., Louie, J., Liew, G., Burlutsky, G., Mitchell, P. (2017). Pattern of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and fish consumption and retinal vascular caliber in children and adolescents: A cohort study. PloS One. 12 (2) , Article number e0172109. [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Moshtaghian, H., Flood, V., Louie, J., Liew, G., Burlutsky, G., Mitchell, P. (2017). Pattern of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and fish consumption and retinal vascular caliber in children and adolescents: A cohort study. PloS One. 12 (2: e0172109) [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Moshtaghian, H., Flood, V., Louie, J., Liew, G., Burlutsky, G., Mitchell, P. (2017). Pattern of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and fish consumption and retinal vascular caliber in children and adolescents: A cohort study. PloS One. 12 (2: e0172109) [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Benitez-Aguirre, P., Craig, M., Jenkins, A., Hodgson, L., Kifley, A., Mitchell, P., Wong, T., Donaghue, K. (2017). Progressive retinal vasodilation in patients with type 1 diabetes: A longitudinal study of retinal vascular geometry. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 58 (5) , 2503-2509. [More Information]
  • Strong, S., Liew, G., Michaelides, M. (2017). Retinitis pigmentosa-associated cystoid macular oedema: pathogenesis and avenues of intervention. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 101 , 31-37. [More Information]
  • Strong, S., Liew, G., Michaelides, M. (2017). Retinitis pigmentosa-associated cystoid macular oedema: pathogenesis and avenues of intervention. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 101 (1) , 31-37. [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Liew, G., Burlutsky, G., McMahon, C., Mitchell, P. (2017). Visual and hearing impairment and retirement in older adults: A population-based cohort study. Maturitas. 100 , 77-81. [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Liew, G., Burlutsky, G., McMahon, C., Mitchell, P. (2017). Visual and hearing impairment and retirement in older adults: A population-based cohort study. Maturitas. 100 , 77-81. [More Information]
2016
  • Fritsche, L., Igl, W., Bailey, J., Grassman, F., Sengupta, S., Bragg-Gresham, J., Burdon, K., Hebbring, S., Wen, C., Gorski, M., Mitchell, P., Liew, G., Tan, A., Gopinath, B., Wang, J., et al (2016). A large genome-wide association study of age-related macular degeneration highlights contributions of rare and common variants. Nature Genetics. 48 (2) , 134-143. [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Liew, G., Burlutsky, G., Mitchell, P. (2016). Age-related macular degeneration and risk of total and cause-specific mortality over 15 years. Maturitas. 84 , 63-67. [More Information]
  • Wang, S., Mitchell, P., Plant, A., Phan, K., Liew, G., Thiagalingam, A., Burlutsky, G., Gopinath, B. (2016). Cataract surgery is more prevalent and occurs at an earlier age in a high cardiovascular risk cohort: Comparison with the Blue Mountains Eye Study. International Journal of Cardiology. 212 , 72-75. [More Information]

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  • Phan, K., Au, C., Mitchell, P., Liew, G., Plant, A., Wang, S., Chiha, J., Thiagalingam, A., Burlutsky, G., Gopinath, B. (2016). Chronic kidney disease and the severity of coronary artery disease and retinal microvasculature changes: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Thoracic Disease. 8 (8) , 2111-2114. [More Information]
  • Wang, S., Mitchell, P., Plant, A., Chiha, J., Phan, K., Liew, G., Thiagalingam, A., Kovoor, P., Burlutsky, G., Gopinath, B. (2016). Hypertension is associated with narrower retinal arteriolar calibre in persons with and without coronary artery disease. Journal of Human Hypertension. 30 (12) , 761-765. [More Information]
  • Wang, S., Mitchell, P., Plant, A., Phan, K., Liew, G., Thiagalingam, A., Burlutsky, G., Gopinath, B. (2016). Metabolic syndrome and retinal microvascular calibre in a high cardiovascular disease risk cohort. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 100 (8) , 1041-1046. [More Information]
  • Phan, K., Mitchell, P., Liew, G., Plant, A., Wang, S., Xu, J., Chiha, J., Thiagalingam, A., Burlutsky, G., Gopinath, B. (2016). Severity of coronary artery disease and retinal microvascular signs in patients with diagnosed versus undiagnosed diabetes: cross-sectional study. Journal of Thoracic Disease. 8 (7) , 1532-1539. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Lee, A., Zarranz-Ventura, J., Stratton, I., Bunce, C., Chakravarthy, U., Lee, C., Keane, P., Sim, D., Akerele, T., et al (2016). The UK Neovascular AMD Database Report 3: inter-centre variation in visual acuity outcomes and establishing real-world measures of care. Eye. 30 (11) , 1462-1468. [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Liew, G., Kifley, A., Mitchell, P. (2016). Thyroid dysfunction and ten-year incidence of age-related macular degeneration. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 57 (13) , 5273-5277. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Joachim, N., Mitchell, P., Burlutsky, G., Wang, J. (2016). Validating the AREDS Simplified Severity Scale of Age-Related Macular Degeneration with 5- and 10-Year Incident Data in a Population-Based Sample. Ophthalmology. 123 (9) , 1874-1878. [More Information]
  • Hong, T., Mitchell, P., Burlutsky, G., Liew, G., Wang, J. (2016). Visual impairment, hearing loss and cognitive function in an older population: Longitudinal findings from the blue mountains eye study. PloS One. 11 (1) , 1-9. [More Information]
2015
  • Kapetanakis, V., Rudnicka, A., Liew, G., Owen, C., Lee, A., Louw, V., Bolter, L., Anderson, J., Egan, C., Salas-Vega, S., et al (2015). A study of whether automated Diabetic Retinopathy Image Assessment could replace manual grading steps in the English National Screening Programme. Journal of Medical Screening. 22 (3) , 112-118. [More Information]
  • Phan, K., Mitchell, P., Liew, G., Plant, A., Wang, S., Au, C., Chiha, J., Kovoor, P., Thiagalingam, A., Burlutsky, G., Gopinath, B. (2015). Association between Retinal Arteriolar and Venule Calibre with Prevalent Heart Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study. PloS One. 10 (12) , 1-10. [More Information]
  • Halford, S., Liew, G., Mackay, D., Sergouniotis, P., Holt, R., Broadgate, S., Volpi, E., Ocaka, L., Robson, A., Holder, G., et al (2015). Author reply. Ophthalmology. 122 (4) , e22-e22. [More Information]

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  • Liew, G., Sim, D., Keane, P., Tan, A., Mitchell, P., Wang, J., Wong, T., Fruttiger, M., Tufail, A., Egan, C. (2015). Diabetic macular ischaemia is associated with narrower retinal arterioles in patients with type 2 diabetes. Acta Ophthalmologica. 93 (1) , e45-e51. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Moore, A., Webster, A., Michaelides, M. (2015). Efficacy and Prognostic Factors of Response to Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in Management of Cystoid Macular Edema in Retinitis Pigmentosa. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 56 (3) , 1531-1536. [More Information]
  • Wang, S., Mitchell, P., Plant, A., Phan, K., Liew, G., Chiha, J., Thiagalingam, A., Burlutsky, G., Gopinath, B. (2015). Prevalence and risk factors of epiretinal membrane in a cohort with cardiovascular disease risk, compared with the Blue Mountains Eye Study. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 99 (12) , 1601-1605. [More Information]
  • Phan, K., Mitchell, P., Liew, G., Wang, S., Plant, A., Thiagalingam, A., Burlutsky, G., Gopinath, B. (2015). Relationship between macular and retinal diseases with prevalent atrial fibrillation - An analysis of the Australian Heart Eye Study. International Journal of Cardiology. 178C , 96-98. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Tufail, A., Cosatto, V., Tan, A., Zarranz-Ventura, J., Sim, D., Kean, P., Egan, C., Mitchell, P., Westcott, M., et al (2015). Retinal vessel caliber changes in vasculitis. Retina. 35 (4) , 803-808. [More Information]
  • Wang, S., Mitchell, P., Chiha, J., Liew, G., Plant, A., Thiagalingam, A., Burlutsky, G., Gopinath, B. (2015). Severity of coronary artery disease is independently associated with the frequency of early age-related macular degeneration. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 99 (3) , 365-370. [More Information]
  • Wang, S., Mitchell, P., Chiha, J., Liew, G., Plant, A., Thiagalingam, A., Burlutsky, G., Gopinath, B. (2015). Severity of coronary artery disease is independently associated with the frequency of early age-related macular degeneration.. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 99 (3) , 365-370. [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Flood, V., Kifley, A., Liew, G., Mitchell, P. (2015). Smoking, antioxidant supplementation and dietary intakes among older adults with age-related macular degeneration over 10 years. PloS One. 10 (3) , 1-10. [More Information]
  • Lee, A., Lee, C., Butt, T., Xing, W., Johnston, R., Chakravarthy, U., Egan, C., Akerele, T., McKibbin, M., Downey, L., Liew, G., et al (2015). UK AMD EMR USERS GROUP REPORT V: Benefits of initiating ranibizumab therapy for neovascular AMD in eyes with vision better than 6/12. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 99 (8) , 1045-1050. [More Information]
  • Hong, T., Mitchell, P., Burlutsky, G., Gopinath, B., Liew, G., Wang, J. (2015). Visual impairment and depressive symptoms in an older Australian cohort: longitudinal findings from the Blue Mountains Eye Study. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 99 (8) , 1017-1021. [More Information]
2014
  • Liew, G., Michaelides, M., Bunce, C. (2014). A comparison of the causes of blindness certifications in England and Wales in working age adults (16-64 years), 1999-2000 with 2009-2010. BMJ Open. 4 (2) , 1-6. [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Liew, G., Burlutsky, G., Mitchell, P. (2014). Age-related macular degeneration and 5-year incidence of impaired activities of daily living. Maturitas. 77 (3) , 263-266. [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Chiha, J., Plant, A., Thiagalingam, A., Burlutsky, G., Kovoor, P., Liew, G., Mitchell, P. (2014). Associations between retinal microvascular structure and the severity and extent of coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis. 236 (1) , 25-30. [More Information]

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  • Liew, G., Wang, J., Rochtchina, E., Wong, T., Mitchell, P. (2014). Complete Blood Count and Retinal Vessel Calibers. PloS One. 9 (7) , e102230. [More Information]
  • Halford, S., Liew, G., Mackay, D., Sergouniotis, P., Holt, R., Broadgate, S., Volpi, E., Ocaka, L., Robson, A., Holder, G., et al (2014). Detailed Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Bietti Crystalline Dystrophy. Ophthalmology. 121 (6) , 1174-1184. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Baker, M., Wong, T., Hand, P., Wang, J., Mitchell, P., De Silva, D., Wong, M., Rochtchina, E., Lindley, R., et al (2014). Differing associations of white matter lesions and lacunar infarction with retinal microvascular signs. International Journal of Stroke. 9 (7) , 921-925. [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Liew, G., Burlutsky, G., Mitchell, P. (2014). Physical activity and the 15-year incidence of age-related macular degeneration. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 55 (12) , 7799-7803. [More Information]
  • Phan, K., Mitchell, P., Liew, G., Plant, A., Wang, S., Chiha, J., Thiagalingam, A., Burlutsky, G., Gopinath, B. (2014). Relationship between macular degeneration with prevalent heart failure: A cross-sectional population study. International Journal of Cardiology. 182 , 213-215. [More Information]
2013
  • Liew, G., Quin, G., Gillies, M., Fraser-Bell, S. (2013). Central serous chorioretinopathy: a review of epidemiology and pathophysiology. Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 41 (2) , 201-214. [More Information]
  • Quin, G., Liew, G., Ho, I., Gillies, M., Fraser-Bell, S. (2013). Diagnosis and interventions for central serous chorioretinopathy: review and update. Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 41 (2) , 187-200. [More Information]
  • Jensen, R., Sim, X., Li, X., Cotch, M., Ikram, M., Holliday, E., Eiriksdottir, G., Harris, T., Jonasson, F., Liew, G., Mitchell, P., Wang, J., et al (2013). Genome-wide association study of retinopathy in individuals without diabetes. PloS One. 8 (2) , 1-11. [More Information]

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  • Wang, J., Liew, G., Mitchell, P. (2013). In Reply: Is 81-mg Aspirin Associated With Age-Related Macular Degeneration Risk?. JAMA Internal Medicine. 173 (15) , 1476-1477. [More Information]
  • Wang, J., Liew, G., Mitchell, P. (2013). In Reply: Is 81-mg Aspirin Associated With Age-Related Macular Degeneration Risk?. JAMA Internal Medicine. 173 (15) , 1476-1477. [More Information]
  • Holliday, E., Smith, A., Cornes, B., Buitendijk, G., Jensen, R., Sim, X., Aspelund, T., Aung, T., Baird, P., Boerwinkle, E., Liew, G., Mitchell, P., Rochtchina, E., Wang, J., et al (2013). Insights into the Genetic Architecture of Early Stage Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-Analysis. PloS One. 8 (1) , 1-12. [More Information]
  • Wang, J., Liew, G., Mitchell, P. (2013). Is 81-mg Aspirin Associated With Age-Related Macular Degeneration Risk? - reply. JAMA Internal Medicine. 173 (15) , 1476-1477.
  • Liew, G., Mitchell, P., Wong, T., Rochtchina, E., Wang, J. (2013). The association of aspirin use with age-related macular degeneration. JAMA Internal Medicine. 173 (4) , 258-264. [More Information]
2012
  • Cheung, N., Saw, S., Liew, G., Liu, E., Hodgson, L., Mitchell, P., Wong, T. (2012). Childhood Vascular Risk Factors and Retinal Vessel Caliber. Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology. 1 (4) , 193-197. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Mitchell, P., Wong, T., Wang, J. (2012). Retinal Microvascular Signs Are Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease in Persons with and without Diabetes. Kidney and Blood Pressure Research. 35 (6) , 589-594. [More Information]
2011
  • Kawasaki, R., Che Azemin, M., Kumar, D., Tan-Koay, A., Liew, G., Wong, T., Mitchell, P., Wang, J. (2011). Fractal Dimension of the Retinal Vasculature and Risk of Stroke: A Nested Case-Control Study. Neurology. 76 (20) , 1766-1767. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Wang, J. (2011). Retinal Vascular Signs: A Window to the Heart?. Revista Espanola de Cardiologia. 64 (6) , 515-521. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Campbell, S., Klein, R., Klein, B., Sharrett, A., Cotch, M., Wang, J., Wong, T. (2011). Ten-Year Longitudinal Changes in Retinal Microvascular Lesions The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Ophthalmology. 118 (8) , 1612-1618. [More Information]

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  • Wang, J., Baker, M., Hand, P., Hankey, G., Lindley, R., Rochtchina, E., Wong, T., Liew, G., Mitchell, P. (2011). Transient Ischemic Attack and Acute Ischemic Stroke: Associations With Retinal Microvascular Signs. Stroke: a journal of cerebral circulation. 42 (2) , 404-408. [More Information]
2010
  • Gopinath, B., Baur, L., Wang, J., Teber, E., Liew, G., Cheung, N., Wong, T., Mitchell, P. (2010). Blood pressure is associated with retinal vessel signs in preadolescent children. Journal of Hypertension. 28 (7) , 1406-1412. [More Information]
  • Baker, M., Wang, J., Liew, G., Hand, P., De Silva, D., Lindley, R., Mitchell, P., Wong, M., Rochtchina, E., Wong, T., et al (2010). Differential Associations of Cortical and Subcortical Cerebral Atrophy With Retinal Vascular Signs in Patients With Acute Stroke. Stroke: a journal of cerebral circulation. 41 (10) , 2143-2150. [More Information]
  • Wainwright, A., Liew, G., Burlutsky, G., Rochtchina, E., Zhang, Y., Hsu, W., Lee, J., Wong, T., Mitchell, P., Wang, J. (2010). Effect of Image Quality, Color and Format on the Measurement of Retinal Vascular Fractal Dimension. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 51 (11) , 5525-5529. [More Information]

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  • Ikram, M., Sim, X., Jensen, R., Cotch, M., Hewitt, A., Ikram, M., Wang, J., Klein, R., Klein, B., Breteler, M., Liew, G., Mitchell, P., Mackay, D., et al (2010). Four Novel Loci (19q13, 6q24, 12q24, and 5q14) Influence the Microcirculation In Vivo. PLoS Genetics. 6 (10) , e1001184 - 1-e1001184 - 12. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Mitchell, P., Rochtchina, E., Wong, T., Hsu, W., Lee, M., Wainwright, A., Wang, J. (2010). Fractal analysis of retinal microvasculature and coronary heart disease mortality. European Heart Journal. 32 , 1-8. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Mitchell, P., Rochtchina, E., Wong, T., Hsu, W., Lee, M., Wainwright, A., Wang, J. (2010). Fractal analysis of retinal microvasculature and coronary heart disease mortality. European Heart Journal. 32 (4) , 1-8. [More Information]
  • Li, H., Mitchell, P., Liew, G., Rochtchina, E., Kifley, A., Wong, T., Hsu, W., Lee, M., Zhang, Y., Wang, J. (2010). Lens opacity and refractive influences on the measurement of retinal vascular fractal dimension. Acta Ophthalmologica. 88 (6) , e234-e240. [More Information]
  • Lim, L., Liew, G., Cheung, N., Mitchell, P., Wong, T. (2010). Mixed messages on systemic therapies for diabetic retinopathy.. The Lancet. 376 (9751) , 1461; author reply 1462. [More Information]
  • Cheung, N., Liew, G., Lindley, R., Liu, E., Wang, J., Hand, P., Baker, M., Mitchell, P., Wong, T. (2010). Retinal fractals and acute lacunar stroke. Annals of Neurology. 68 (1) , 107-111. [More Information]
  • Baker, M., Hand, P., Liew, G., Wong, T., Rochtchina, E., Mitchell, P., Lindley, R., Hankey, G., Wang, J. (2010). Retinal microvascular signs may provide clues to the underlying vasculopathy in patients with deep intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke: a journal of cerebral circulation. 41 (4) , 618-623. [More Information]
  • Cosatto, V., Liew, G., Rochtchina, E., Wainwright, A., Zhang, Y., Hsu, W., Lee, M., Lau, Q., Hamzah, H., Mitchell, P., Wang, J., et al (2010). Retinal vascular fractal dimension measurement and its influence from imaging variation: results of two segmentation methods. Current Eye Research. 35 (9) , 850-856. [More Information]
  • Baker, M., Hand, P., Wong, T., Liew, G., Rochtchina, E., Mitchell, P., Lindley, R., Hankey, G., Wang, J. (2010). Retinopathy and Lobar Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Insights Into Pathogenesis. JAMA Neurology. 67 (10) , 1224-1230. [More Information]
  • Peng, X., Wang, F., Liang, Y., Wang, J., Sun, L., Peng, Y., Friedman, D., Liew, G., Wang, N., Wong, T. (2010). Retinopathy in Persons without Diabetes: The Handan Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 117 (3) , 531-537.e1-2. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Wang, J., Mitchell, P. (2010). Retinopathy progression in type 2 diabetes.. The New England Journal of Medicine. 363 (22) , 2171-2; author reply 2173-4. [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Baur, L., Wang, J., Teber, E., Liew, G., Cheung, N., Wong, T., Mitchell, P. (2010). Smaller Birth Size is Associated With Narrower Retinal Arterioles in Early Adolescence. Microcirculation. 17 (2) , 660-668. [More Information]
2009
  • Samarawickrama, C., Huynh, S., Liew, G., Burlutsky, G., Mitchell, P. (2009). Birth Weight and Optic Nerve Head Parameters. Ophthalmology. 116 (6) , 1112-1118. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Mitchell, P., Wong, T. (2009). Geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration and TLR3.. New England Journal of Medicine.
  • McGeechan, K., Liew, G., Macaskill, P., Irwig, L., Klein, R., Klein, B., Wang, J., Mitchell, P., Vingerling, J., de Jong, P., et al (2009). Meta-analysis: retinal vessel caliber and risk for coronary heart disease. Annals of Internal Medicine. 151 (6) , 404-413.

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  • McGeechan, K., Liew, G., Macaskill, P., Irwig, L., Klein, R., Klein, B., Wang, J., Mitchell, P., Vingerling, J., de Jong, P., et al (2009). Prediction of incident stroke events based on retinal vessel caliber: a systematic review and individual-participant meta-analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology. 170 (11) , 1323-1332. [More Information]
  • Cheung, N., Donaghue, K., Liew, G., Rogers, S., Wang, J., Lim, S., Jenkins, A., Hsu, W., Lee, M., Wong, T. (2009). Quantitative assessment of early diabetic retinopathy using fractal analysis. Diabetes Care. 32 (1) , 106-110. [More Information]
  • Mitchell, P., Liew, G., Rochtchina, E., Wang, J., Robaei, D., Cheung, N., Wong, T. (2009). Response to letter regarding article, "Evidence of arteriolar narrowing in low-birth-weight children". Circulation. 119 (20) , e 538.
  • Liew, G., Mitchell, P., Wong, T., Lindley, R., Cheung, N., Kaushik, S., Gopinath, B., Wang, J. (2009). Retinal microvascular signs and cognitive impairment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 57 (10) , 1892-1896. [More Information]
  • Lindley, R., Wang, J., Wong, M., Mitchell, P., Liew, G., Hand, P., Wardlaw, J., De Silva, D., Baker, M., Rochtchina, E., Fung, V., Gomes, L., et al (2009). Retinal microvasculature in acute lacunar stroke: a cross-sectional study. The Lancet Neurology. 8 (7) , 628-634. [More Information]
  • De Silva, D., Liew, G., Wong, M., Chang, H., Chen, C., Wang, J., Baker, M., Hand, P., Rochtchina, E., Liu, E., Mitchell, P., Lindley, R., et al (2009). Retinal Vascular Caliber and Extracranial Carotid Disease in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke. The Multi-Centre Retinal Stroke (MCRS) Study. Stroke: a journal of cerebral circulation. 40 (12) , 3695-3699. [More Information]
  • Lim, S., Cheung, N., Wang, J., Donaghue, K., Liew, G., Amirul Islam, F., Jenkins, A., Wong, T. (2009). Retinal vascular fractal dimension and risk of early diabetic retinopathy: A prospective study of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 32 (11) , 2081-2083. [More Information]
  • Lim, S., Cheung, N., Wang, J., Donaghue, K., Liew, G., Amirul Islam, F., Jenkins, A., Wong, T. (2009). Retinal vascular fractal dimension and risk of early diabetic retinopathy: A prospective study of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.. Diabetes Care. 32 (11) , 2081-2083. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Wong, T., Mitchell, P., Cheung, N., Wang, J. (2009). Retinopathy predicts coronary heart disease mortality. Heart. 95 (5) , 391-394. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Mitchell, P., Wong, T. (2009). Systemic management of diabetic retinopathy.. BMJ (online). 338 , b441.
2008
  • Tan, J., Wang, J., Liew, G., Rochtchina, E., Mitchell, P. (2008). Age-related macular degeneration and mortality from cardiovascular disease or stroke. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 92 (4) , 509-512. [More Information]
  • McGeechan, K., Liew, G., Wong, T. (2008). Are retinal examinations useful in assessing cardiovascular risk?. American Journal of Hypertension. 21 (8) , 847. [More Information]
  • McGeechan, K., Macaskill, P., Irwig, L., Liew, G., Wong, T. (2008). Assessing New Biomarkers and Predictive Models for Use in Clinical Practice. Archives of Internal Medicine. 168 (21) , 2304-2310.

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  • Liew, G., Wang, J., Klein, R., Duncan, B., Yeh, H., Brancati, F., Mitchell, P., Wong, T. (2008). Birth weight is not related to risk of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Current Eye Research. 33 (2) , 193-198. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Mitchell, P., Wong, T., Iyengar, S., Wang, J. (2008). CKD increases the risk of age-related macular degeneration. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 19 (4) , 806-811. [More Information]
  • Mitchell, P., Liew, G., Rochtchina, E., Wang, J., Robaei, D., Cheung, N., Wong, T. (2008). Evidence of Arteriolar Narrowing in Low-Birth-Weight Children. Circulation. 118 (5) , 518-524. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Gillies, M., Wang, J. (2008). Fenofibrate and diabetic retinopathy. The Lancet. 371 (9614) , 721-721.
  • Kaushik, S., Wang, J., Flood, V., Liew, G., Smith, W., Mitchell, P. (2008). Frequency of Fish Consumption, Retinal Microvascular Signs and Vascular Mortality. Microcirculation. 15 (1) , 27-36. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Wang, J., Duncan, B., Klein, R., Sharrett, A., Brancati, F., Yeh, H., Mitchell, P., Wong, T., Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, A. (2008). Low birthweight is associated with narrower arterioles in adults. Hypertension. 51 (4) , 933-938. [More Information]
  • Loon, S., Liew, G., Fung, A., Reid, S., Craig, J. (2008). Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing timolol with brimonidine in the treatment of glaucoma. Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 36 (3) , 281-289. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Wang, J., Mitchell, P. (2008). Preterm birth, long-term survival, and fertility. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 300 (2) , 167-167. [More Information]
  • Wong, T., Liew, G., Tapp, R., Schmidt, M., Wang, J., Mitchell, P., Klein, R., Klein, B., Zimmet, P., Shaw, J. (2008). Relation between fasting glucose and retinopathy for diagnosis of diabetes: three population-based cross-sectional studies. The Lancet. 371 (9614) , 736-743. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Sharrett, A., Wang, J., Klein, R., Klein, B., Mitchell, P., Wong, T. (2008). Relative importance of systemic determinants of retinal arteriolar and venular caliber: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Archives of Ophthalmology. 126 (10) , 1404-1410. [More Information]
  • Sun, C., Liew, G., Wang, J., Mitchell, P., Saw, S., Aung, T., Tai, E., Wong, T. (2008). Retinal vascular caliber, blood pressure, and cardiovascular risk factors in an Asian population: the Singapore Malay Eye Study. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 49 (5) , 1784-1790. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Wang, J., Mitchell, P., Wong, T. (2008). Retinal vascular imaging: A new tool in microvascular disease research. Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging. 1 (2) , 156-161. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Cheung, N., Wang, J., Wong, T. (2008). Retinal vessels and retinopathy of prematurity. Archives of Ophthalmology. 126 (6) , 869-870.
  • McGeechan, K., Liew, G., Macaskill, P., Irwig, L., Klein, R., Sharrett, A., Klein, B., Wang, J., Chambless, L., Wong, T. (2008). Risk Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease Based on Retinal Vascular Caliber (from the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities [ARIC] Study). The American Journal of Cardiology. 102 (1) , 58-63. [More Information]
  • Gopinath, B., Liew, G., Flood, V., Wang, J., Kifley, A., Leeder, S., Mitchell, P. (2008). The association between weight gain and thyroid function in an older population (Research letter). Archives of Internal Medicine. 168 (20) , 2283-2284. [More Information]
  • Wang, J., Rochtchina, E., Liew, G., Tan-Koay, A., Wong, T., Leeder, S., Smith, W., Shankar, A., Mitchell, P. (2008). The Long-term Relation among Retinal Arteriolar Narrowing, Blood Pressure, and Incident Severe Hypertension. American Journal of Epidemiology. 168 (1) , 80-88. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Wang, J., Klein, R., Duncan, B., Brancati, F., Yeh, H., Wong, T. (2008). The relationship between birthweight and early age-related maculopathy: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Ophthalmic Epidemiology. 15 (1) , 56-61. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Wang, J., Cheung, N., Zhang, Y., Hsu, W., Lee, M., Mitchell, P., Tikellis, G., Taylor, B., Wong, T. (2008). The Retinal Vasculature as a Fractal: Methodology, Reliability, and Relationship to Blood Pressure. Ophthalmology. 115 (11) , 1951-1956.el. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Wang, J., Mitchell, P. (2008). Which is the better marker for susceptibility to disease later in life – low birthweight or prematurity?. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 93 (5) , 450-450.
2007
  • Liew, G., Shankar, A., Wang, J., Klein, R., Bray, M., Couper, D., Sharrett, A., Wong, T. (2007). Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms and retinal vascular signs - The atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. Archives of Ophthalmology. 125 (6) , 813-818.
  • Wong, T., Liew, G., Mitchell, P. (2007). Clinical update: new treatments for age-related macular degeneration.. The Lancet. 370 (9583) , 204-206. [More Information]
  • Kaushik, S., Wang, J., Flood, V., Liew, G., Smith, W., Mitchell, P. (2007). Frequency of Fish Consumption, Retinal Microvascular Signs and Vascular Mortality. Microcirculation. iFirst publication

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  • Kaushik, S., Wang, J., Flood, V., Liew, G., Smith, W., Mitchell, P. (2007). Frequency of Fish Consumption, Retinal Microvascular Signs and Vascular Mortality. Microcirculation. 15 (1) , 27-36. [More Information]
  • Kifley, A., Liew, G., Wang, J., Kaushik, S., Smith, W., Wong, T., Mitchell, P. (2007). Long-term Effects of Smoking on Retinal Microvascular Caliber. American Journal of Epidemiology. 166 (11) , 1288-1297.
  • Liew, G., Wang, J., Wong, T. (2007). Macular Degeneration and Heart Disease. Ophthalmology. 114 (9) , 1793-1793.
  • Liew, G., Wang, J., Wong, T. (2007). Macular degeneration and heart disease.. Ophthalmology. 114 (9) , 1793. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Sharrett, A., Kronmal, R., Klein, R., Wong, T., Mitchell, P., Kifley, A., Wang, J. (2007). Measurement of retinal vascular caliber: issues and alternatives to using the arteriole to venule ratio. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 48 (1) , 52-57.
  • Liew, G., Wang, J., Mitchell, P. (2007). Migraine and coronary heart disease mortality: a prospective cohort study. Cephalalgia. 27 (4) , 368-371.
  • Wong, T., Liew, G., Mitchell, P. (2007). New treatments for age-related macular degeneration - author's reply. The Lancet. 370 (9597) , 1480.
  • Liew, G., Mitchell, P. (2007). Ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration.. The New England Journal of Medicine. 356 (7) , 747-8; author reply 749-50. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Wong, T., Mitchell, P., Newall, P., Smith, W., Wang, J. (2007). Retinal microvascular abnormalities and age-related hearing loss: the Blue Mountains hearing study. Ear And Hearing. 28 (3) , 394-401.
  • Liew, G., Wang, J. (2007). Retinal vascular signs in diabetes and hypertension. Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia e Metabologia. 51 (2) , 352-362.
  • Wang, J., Liew, G., Klein, R., Rochtchina, E., Knudtson, M., Klein, B., Wong, T., Burlutsky, G., Mitchell, P. (2007). Retinal vessel diameter and cardiovascular mortality: pooled data analysis from two older populations. European Heart Journal. 28 (16) , 1984-1992.
2006
  • Liew, G., Shankar, A., Wang, J., Klein, R., Bray, M., Couper, D., Wong, T. (2006). Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms are not associated with diabetic retinopathy: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study.. American Journal of Ophthalmology. 142 (1) , 105-111. [More Information]
  • Liew, G., Wong, T., Mitchell, P., Wang, J. (2006). Are narrower or wider retinal venules associated with incident hypertension. Hypertension. 48 (2) , e10.
  • Liew, G., Mitchell, P., Wang, J., Wong, T. (2006). Effect of axial length on retinal vascular network geometry. American Journal of Ophthalmology. 141 (3) , 597. [More Information]

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  • Cugati, S., Cikamatana, L., Wang, J., Kifley, A., Liew, G., Mitchell, P. (2006). Five-year incidence and progression of vascular retinopathy in persons without diabetes: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.. Eye. 20 (11) , 1239-1245.
  • Liew, G., Mitchell, P., Wang, J., Wong, T. (2006). Fundoscopy: to dilate or not to dilate? [editorial]. BMJ: British Medical Journal. 332 (7532) , 3-3.
  • Liew, G., Mitchell, P., Wong, T., Wang, J. (2006). Hypermetropia is not associated with hypertension: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.. American Journal of Ophthalmology. 141 (4) , 746-748. [More Information]
  • Leeder, S., Mitchell, P., Liew, G., Rochtchina, E., Smith, W., Wang, J. (2006). Low hemoglobin, chronic kidney disease, and risk for coronary heart disease-related death: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 17 (1) , 279-284.
  • Liew, G., Mitchell, P., Leeder, S., Smith, W., Wong, T., Wang, J. (2006). Regular aspirin use and retinal microvascular signs: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.. Journal of Hypertension. 24 (7) , 1329-1335.
  • Liew, G., Mitchell, P., Wong, T., Wang, J. (2006). Retinal vascular caliber and migraine: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.. Headache. 46 (6) , 997-1004.
  • Wang, J., Liew, G., Wong, T., Smith, W., Klein, R., Leeder, S., Mitchell, P. (2006). Retinal vascular caliber and the risk of coronary heart disease-related death.. Heart. 92
  • Liew, G., Kaushik, S., Rochtchina, E., Tan-Koay, A., Mitchell, P., Wang, J. (2006). Retinal Vessel Signs and 10-Year Incident Age-Related Maculopathy The Blue Mountains Eye Study.. Ophthalmology. 113 (9) , 1481-1487.